Stirling Engine

A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic
compression and expansion of air or other gas, the working fluid,
at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion
of heat energy to mechanical work.[1]
The engine is like a steam engine in that all of the engine's heat
flows in and out through the engine wall. This is traditionally
known as an external combustion engine in contrast to an internal
combustion engine where the heat input is by combustion of a
fuel within the body of the working fluid. Unlike the steam
engine's use of water in both its liquid and gaseous phases as the
working fluid, the Stirling engine encloses a fixed quantity of
permanently gaseous fluid such as air or helium. As in all heat
engines, the general cycle consists of compressing cool gas,
heating the gas, expanding the hot gas, and finally cooling the
gas before repeating the cycle.


Key components
As a consequence of closed cycle operation the heat
that drives a Stirling engine must be transmitted from
a heat source to the working fluid by heat exchangers
and finally to a heat sink. A Stirling engine system
has at least one heat source, one heat sink and up to
five heat exchangers. Some types may combine or
dispense with some of these.


Heat source
The heat source may be combustion of a fuel and,
since the combustion products do not mix with the
working fluid (that is, external combustion) and come
into contact with the internal moving parts of the
engine, a Stirling engine can run on fuels that would
damage other (that is, internal combustion) engines'
internals, such as landfill gas which contains
siloxane.

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